Polyacrylamide (PAM)ekozesebwa nnyo nga flocculant ey'omugaso mu kuyonja amazzi ag'omusaayi ag'okulanga ebyambala.  

Okulonda obulungi ekika kya PAM kukosa nnyo ku bujjanjabi n'ebbeeyi y'emirimu. Wano wammanga muli ensonga enkulu:

I. Emitindo gy'okulonda

Okulonda Ekika kya Ionic

Cationic PAM (CPAM): Esobola okukozesebwa mu bifaananyi ebiriko obuzibu (ng'ekyokulabirako, ebifaananyi ebiriko obuzibu, ebifaananyi ebiriko obuzibu) n'ebintu ebiriko obuzibu. Ekikola okuyita mu kuziyiza amasannyalaze n'okukozesa amasannyalaze.

Anionic PAM (APAM): Ekikola obulungi mu mazzi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'

PAM etali ya ionic (NPAM): Ekikozesebwa mu mazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag'amazzi ag

Obuzito bwa Molecular (MW) Okulonda

MW ez'amaanyi (>12 million): Essingawo okukozesebwa mu mazzi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaanyi ag'amaany

Medium/Low MW (<8 million): Ekisinga obulungi ku bintu eby'omubiri ebiyinza okusaanuka (ng'ekyokulabirako, okuggyawo COD), ebitera okugatta n'enkola z'okusaasaanya.

Enkola z'amazzi ag'omusaayi

pH: CPAM ekola obulungi mu mbeera ya acidic, ate APAM ekola bulungi ku pH 79.

Ekika kya dye: Azo dyes (eziriko obuzibu) ziddamu bulungi ku CPAM; ebibala ebisaanira biyinza okwetaaga okugatta APAM+PAC.

II. Enkola y'okujjanjaba

Obukugu bw'okuggyawo obutonde

Okuggyawo COD: 5070% bw'ogattibwa n'okusaasaanya; ebikozesebwa mu bintu ebikozesebwa mu bintu ebikozesebwa mu bintu ebikozesebwa mu bintu ebikozesebwa mu bintu ebikozesebwa mu bintu ebikozesebwa mu bintu ebikozesebwa.

Okuggyawo langi: CPAM etuuka > 90% okuggyawo amazzi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi.

Ebintu ebiriko amaanyi ebiriko amaanyi (SS): Kikendeeza ku SS okutuuka ku < 30 mg/L nga mulimu flocculation ennungi.

Okulongoosa Enkola

Ekiragiro: Emirundi mingi 0.5-10 mg/L; okukozesa obulungi kiyinza okuleetawo colloid okuddamu okuteekebwawo (okugezesebwa kw'ebikoola kugambibwa).

Okuggyawo & Okugatta: Teteekateeka 0.10.5% solution; kwewala okusaasaanya amangu okuziyiza okusaasaanya kw'amayinja.

Ebikozesebwa mu kukwatagana: Okugatta ne PAC oba ferrous sulfate kuyinza okukendeeza ku kukozesa PAM ku 30-50%.

III. Ensonga ezirimu abantu bonna Enkola

Ebitundu ebitono: biyinza okulaga MW entono oba obutaba na kukwatagana kw'amasannyalaze - kukyusa ekika kya ionic oba okwongera ku bya coagulant.

Okuteekawo mpolampola: Kebera pH (ng'ekyokulabirako, CPAM ekola obulungi ku pH 46).

Akabi ka Monomer Akasigala: Kozesa PAM ey'omutindo ogusingawo (acrylamide monomer content <0.05%).

IV. Okunoonyereza ku nsonga

Ekitongole ky'ebyambalo ekijjanjaba amazzi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi ag'omusaayi:

Enkola: okukyusa pH okutuuka ku 5 → PAC (200 mg/L) → CPAM (5 mg/L, MW obukadde 15).

Ebyavaamu: Langi ekendeeza okuva ku 500× okutuuka ku 20×; COD yakendeera okuva ku 800 mg/L okutuuka ku 250 mg/L.

V. Enkola y'Eby'omu Maaso

PAM eyakyusibwa: ng'ekyokulabirako, PAM eya amphoteric ey'amazzi ag'omusaayi ag'enjawulo.

Ebintu ebirala eby'omulembe: Bio-enzymes oba ebikozesebwa mu polymer ez'obutonde okukendeeza ku kwonoona kw'obutonde.

Weetegereze: Okugezesa kw'ekitongole (ng'ekyokulabirako, zeta potential, jar tests) kukulu nnyo okusobola okulonda obulungi. CPAM era esobola okuweereza ng'ekikozesebwa mu kuddamu amazzi.